Migration, Social Security, and Economic Growth

This paper studies the effect of population aging on economic performance in an overlapping-generations model with international migration. Fertility is endogenized so that immigrants and natives can have different fertility rates. Fertility is an important determinant to the tax burden of social security since it affects the quantity and quality of future tax payers. We find that introducing immigrants into the economy can reduce the tax burden of social security. If life expectancy (or the replacement ratio) is high enough, the growth rate of GDP per worker for an economy with international migration will be higher than for a closed economy. Regarding migration policies, our numerical results indicate that economic growth rate of GDP per worker will first decrease then increase as the flow of immigrants increases. Increasing the quality of immigrants will enhance economic growth.Economic growth; Fertility; Migration; Social security.

Childrens Emotion And Behavior In Painting Activities

This study adopted various methods such as qualitative research, observation, interviews, and document collection to examine the emotional responses, behavior changes, and counseling effects on a single-parent child in a skipped-generation family before or after a series of painting activities. The participant was asked to take part in 50-minute sessions twice a week for 8 weeks (16 unit activities in total). According our research findings, after the painting activities: (1) The subject in this study exhibited significant improvement in personal relationships, and there was a positive performance in social interaction, namely, more initiative and willingness to share with others; (2) The subject became more active in his family activities, and he tended to have more positive interactions with his grandmother; (3) The subject created significant positive changes in terms of inherent abilities, learning motivation, self-affirmation, and self development; and (4) The subject had significant improvement in learning performance in kindergarten; and (5) The subjects communication and expression skills were dramatically enhanced. During the painting projects, the subject did maintain good interactions with researchers and was very pleased to share more through self-disclosure. Hence, this study will provide conclusions and suggestions in accordance with these research findings, which can serve as a valuable reference for future research as well as for any pre-kindergarten teacher who is counseling children living in skipped-generation families who are more likely to have poor social interactions

An Analysis of Establishing Regional Environmental Governance Through a Mega Regional Trade Agreement: The Asia-Pacific Practice

Regional environmental governance is essential to remediate transboundary environmental harm. Establishing regional environmental governance abrogates tensions and complexities of harm arising from diverse economic development in Asia-Pacific countries. Additionally, Asia-Pacific countries have unequal environmental standards stipulated in their domestic laws and regulations

Using The Theory Of Planned Behavior To Understand In-Service Kindergarten Teachers Behavior To Enroll In A Graduate Level Academic Program

The main purpose of this study was to investigate and predict the behavioral intention of in-service Taiwanese kindergarten teachers regarding whether they would join a graduate level academic program.  The research framework was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in order to identify the most influential component that affected their intention to join a graduate level academic program.  The study results demonstrate that the three components of the theory of planned behavior accurately predicted the factors affecting the kindergarten teachers concerning this intention.  The most powerful components to affect the teachers were attitude and perceived behavioral control.  Both attitude and perceived behavioral control were correlated and had a significant relationship to intention

The Interface Between Companies' Fundamental Rights and Competition Law Enforcement in the EU: Past, Present and Future

Since the EU is bound by the EU Charter of fundamental rights due to the amended Treaty of the European Union, the critical points of companies’ fundamental rights in competition proceeding has generated a large number of legal debates. This article evaluates whether changes to the current competition enforcement are necessary as to comply with EU fundamental rights standards. This article discusses the paradox between the EU competition enforcement and companies’ fundamental rights protection. In author’s view, the EU should comply with EU fundamental rights law, particularly due to the Charter’s binding effects on the EU. The case law concerning EU competition law has reflected compliance with the European Convention on Human Rights. Nevertheless, the effective competition enforcement is still necessary for an undistorted market and will ultimately maintain a well-functioning market. This brings a result to consumer welfare, which is another kind of protection of fundamental rights

Thermoelectric power factor limit of a 1D nanowire

In the past decade, there has been significant interest in the potentially advantageous thermoelectric properties of one-dimensional (1D) nanowires, but it has been challenging to find high thermoelectric power factors based on 1D effect in practice. Here we point out that there is an upper limit to the thermoelectric power factor of non-ballistic 1D nanowires, as a consequence of the recently established quantum bound of thermoelectric power output. We experimentally test this limit in quasi-ballistic InAs nanowires by extracting the maximum power factor of the first 1D subband through I-V characterization, finding that the measured maximum power factors conform to the theoretical limit. The established limit predicts that a competitive power factor, on the order of mW/m-K^2, can be achieved by a single 1D electronic channel in state-of-the-art semiconductor nanowires with small cross-section and high crystal quality

Evolution Of Constructivism

The contrast between social constructivism and cognitive constructivism are depicted in different ways in many studies.  The purpose of this paper is to summarize the evolution of constructivism and put a focus on social constructivism from the perception of Vygotsky.  This study provides a general idea of the evolution of constructivism for people want to understand this learning theory